Which factors influence species distribution?

The correct answer highlights the role of predation, competition, and resource abundance as critical factors influencing species distribution.

Predation affects the populations of species present in an area, as predators can control prey populations, thereby influencing the types of species that can thrive in a habitat. High predation pressure may limit the distribution of certain species, while other species may flourish under low predation.

Competition for resources, such as food, shelter, and mates, also plays a pivotal role as it determines which species can coexist in the same environment. Species that can compete effectively for these limited resources may dominate, shaping the overall community structure and distribution.

Resource abundance directly impacts species distribution; areas with ample resources can support higher species diversity and density. Conversely, areas where resources are scarce may lead to lower population sizes and limited species diversity.

While the other options present valid considerations for understanding species biology and ecology, they do not primarily focus on the interspecific interactions and resource dynamics that most directly affect where species can live and thrive.