What is the term used for the biodegradation of materials by aerobic microorganisms?

The term "aerobic decomposition" specifically refers to the process by which aerobic microorganisms break down organic materials in the presence of oxygen. This process is essential in natural ecosystems and is a fundamental part of nutrient cycling. During aerobic decomposition, microorganisms utilize oxygen to metabolize organic substances, leading to the release of energy and the production of carbon dioxide, water, and other byproducts. This is a key process in composting and waste management, where organic waste is converted into usable products, enriching the soil in the process.

While aerobic digestion refers to a similar process, it often pertains to waste treatment facilities specifically, where organic matter is converted into biogas and other end products under controlled conditions. In contrast, aerobic respiration is a broader term that describes the metabolic process of using oxygen to convert glucose into energy, which can occur in various living organisms, including animals and plants. Aerobic fermentation, on the other hand, typically pertains to specific biochemical pathways yielding ethanol or organic acids in the presence of oxygen, rather than the general breakdown of organic matter. Thus, "aerobic decomposition" accurately captures the essence of the natural biodegradation process led by aerobic microbes.