What is the main component of acid rain?

Acid rain primarily consists of both sulphuric acid and nitric acid. These acids form in the atmosphere when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are emitted into the air, often from burning fossil fuels. When these gases combine with water vapor in the atmosphere, they undergo chemical reactions that produce acids.

Sulfur dioxide can be oxidized to form sulfuric acid, while nitrogen oxides can form nitric acid. As rainwater, which has a natural pH of around 5.6 (due to the dissolved carbon dioxide), mixes with these acids, the pH can drop significantly, resulting in the 'acid rain' phenomenon.

The presence of both acids in the precipitation is crucial as they contribute to the overall acidity and environmental impact of acid rain, including harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems, soil quality, and vegetation. Recognizing both sulphuric and nitric acid is essential for understanding the composition and effects of acid rain on the environment.