What is an ecosystem?

An ecosystem is characterized as a community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment. This definition encompasses the complex relationships among various species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, along with their non-living surroundings, such as water, air, and soil. In an ecosystem, the interactions can include various fundamental ecological processes like energy flow and nutrient cycling, which are essential for the survival of all organisms involved.

This concept emphasizes the interconnectedness between biotic (living) components and abiotic (non-living) elements, highlighting how these interactions sustain life within a specific area. For instance, plants rely on sunlight, soil nutrients, and water to grow, while animals depend on plants and other animals for food and habitat. Thus, an ecosystem represents not just the living organisms, but the entire environment in which they function together. This holistic viewpoint is crucial for understanding ecological dynamics and the impact of changes within these systems.