What does the theory of competitive exclusion state?

The theory of competitive exclusion posits that two species competing for the same limited resource cannot coexist indefinitely. When two species are in direct competition for identical resources—such as food, nesting sites, or other critical needs—one species will eventually outcompete the other, leading to the exclusion or extinction of the less competitive species. This principle illustrates how competitive interactions can shape community structure and biodiversity in ecosystems.

The theory is grounded in ecological principles that emphasize the importance of resource availability and species adaptation. It suggests that for long-term coexistence, species must differentiate their resource use through niche differentiation or occupy different ecological niches. This differentiation allows them to minimize direct competition and thus increase their chances of survival.

Understanding this concept is crucial for studying community dynamics, species interactions, and the impact of invasive species on native populations. It highlights the balance of ecosystems and the intricate relationships that dictate species survival in shared environments.