What does bioremediation involve?

Bioremediation involves the use of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and other microbes, to break down and degrade harmful substances in the environment. This process utilizes the natural metabolic pathways of these organisms to convert toxic pollutants into less toxic or non-toxic compounds, effectively cleaning up contaminated environments such as soil and water.

Microorganisms can metabolize organic contaminants like oil spills, heavy metals, pesticides, and solvents, thereby mitigating their harmful effects on ecosystems. Bioremediation is often seen as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach compared to traditional methods of pollution cleanup, as it harnesses natural processes rather than relying on chemical treatments or physical interventions.

Other methods listed have different purposes: using chemicals to clean up pollution typically refers to chemical remediation, applying heat does not directly relate to bioremediation, and planting trees for restoration does not focus on degrading pollutants but rather on ecological rehabilitation.