What are biotic factors?

Biotic factors are defined as the living components of an ecosystem. This includes a variety of organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, all of which interact with each other and their environment in various ways. These living organisms play crucial roles in ecosystems, influencing aspects such as food webs, nutrient cycling, and habitat structure.

For example, plants (producers) provide food and oxygen for herbivores (primary consumers), while predatory animals (secondary and tertiary consumers) regulate herbivore populations. Additionally, decomposers like fungi and bacteria are vital for breaking down organic matter, returning nutrients to the soil, and supporting plant growth. This interdependence highlights the significance of biotic factors in maintaining the balance and health of ecosystems.

In contrast, non-living components, such as water, sunlight, and minerals, are referred to as abiotic factors. While both biotic and abiotic factors interact to shape ecosystems, the focus of biotic factors is specifically on the living entities and their relationships, which are essential for ecological functions.